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Global Oil demand is projected to expand by an average of 1.6% per year from 86.9 mbpd in 2008 to 94.1 mbpd by 2013 ².
Global Oil demand will reach 116 mbpd by 2030 ³.
Non-OECD countries will be using 48.7% of Global Oil by 2013 ⁴.
Oil and Gas will represent close to 60% of overall energy by 2030 ⁵.
Oil is expected to grow at 1.4% annually. Significant improvements in fuel efficiency will reduce relative demand ⁶.
Oil Lifetime Carbon Emissions by source : 742 g/Kwh ⁷ Natural

² Press Release. 2008. Medium Term Oil Market Report. International Energy Agency.
http://www.iea.org/Textbase/press/pressdetail.asp?PRESS_REL_ID=267

³ World Energy Outlook. 2006. Intern6ational Energy Agency.
⁴ Press Release. 2008. Medium Term Oil Market Report. International Energy Agency.
http://www.iea.org/Textbase/press/pressdetail.asp?PRESS_REL_ID=267

⁵ Tomorrow's Energy. 2006. Exxon Mobil

⁶ Tomorrow's Energy. 2006. Exxon Mobil.

⁷ Carbon Calculus. 2008. Mother Jones.

Natural gas consumption is to increase by 1.7 percent per year on average, from 104 trillion cubic feet to 158 trillion cubic feet, while its share of world electricity generation increases from 20 percent in 2005 to 25 percent in 2030 ⁸.
Primary Gas consumption is expected to increase to 4.7 tcf by 2030 ⁹.
The industrial sector, which is the world's largest consumer of natural gas, will account for 43 percent of projected natural gas use in 2030 ¹⁰.
Electricity generation will account for 35 percent of the world's total natural gas consumption in 2030 ¹¹.
Gas is expected to grow 1.8% annually driven by b growth in electricity demand ¹².
Natural Gas Lifetime Carbon Emissions by source : 466 g/Kwh ¹³

⁸ International Energy Outlook. 2008. Energy Information Administration.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/world.html

⁹ World Energy Outlook. 2006. International Energy Agency.
¹⁰ International Energy Outlook. 2008. Energy Information Administration.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/nat_gas.html

¹¹ International Energy Outlook. 2008. Energy Information Administration.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/nat_gas.

¹² Tomorrow's Energy. 2006. Exxon Mobil.

¹³ Carbon Calculus. 2008. Mother Jones.
http://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2008/05/nuke-vs-solar-thecarbon-calculus.html

World coal consumption is to increase by 65 percent from 122.5 quadrillion Btu in 2005 to 202.2 quadrillion Btu in 2030¹⁴.
Coal is expected to grow at 1.8% annually. Despite higher CO2 intensity large indigenous supplies will keep demand up especially in Asia¹⁵.
Coal's share of total world energy consumption is projected to increase to 29 percent in 2030¹⁶.
86% of increase in coal demand by 2030 will come from developing countries¹⁷.
Coal's share in worldwide electric power generation is projected to increase to 46%¹⁸.
Power generation will account for 73% of worldwide coal use by 2030¹⁹.
Coal Lifetime Carbon Emissions : 1006 g/Kwh²⁰
A typical 500-megawatt coal plant produces 3.5 billion kilowatt-hours per year -- enough to power a city of about 140,000 people²¹. It burns 1.4 million tons of coal (the equivalent of 40 train cars of coal each day) and uses 2.2 billion gallons of water each year. In an average year, this one plant also generates the following:
- 10,000 tons of sulfur dioxide
- 10,200 tons of nitrogen oxide, equivalent to half a million late-model cars
- 3.7 million tons of carbon dioxide, equivalent to cutting down 100 million trees
- 500 tons of small particles
- 220 tons of hydrocarbons
- 720 tons of carbon monoxide
- 125,000 tons of ash and 193,000 tons of sludge from the smokestack scrubber
- 170 pounds of mercury, 225 pounds of arsenic, 114 pounds of lead, 4 pounds of cadmium, and other toxic heavy metals
- Trace amounts of uranium

¹⁴ International Energy Outlook. 2008. Energy Information Administration.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/coal.html

¹⁵ Tomorrow's Energy. 2006. Exxon Mobil.
¹⁶ International Energy Outlook. 2008. Energy Information Administration.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/coal.html

¹⁷ World Energy Outlook. 2006. International Energy Agency.
¹⁸ International Energy Outlook. 2008. Energy Information Administration.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/coal.html

¹⁹ World Energy Outlook. 2006. International Energy Agency.

²⁰ Carbon Calculus. 2008. Mother Jones.
http://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2008/05/nuke-vs-solar-thecarbon-calculus.html

²¹ Typical Coal Plant. 2008. Union of Concerned Scientists.
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/technology_and_impacts/impacts/public-benefits-of-renewable.html

Electricity generation from nuclear power is projected to increase from about 2.6 trillion kilowatt-hours in 2005 to 3.8 trillion
kilowatt-hours in 2030²².
The IAEA predicts that nuclear electric power capacity will increase from the current 372 GWe to between 473 GWe to 748 GWe in 2030²³.
IEA predicts that Nuclear power generating capacity will grow to 416 GW by 2030²⁴.
The share of Nuclear energy in power generation will drop to 10% by 2030²⁵.
French Energy Conglomerate Areva estimates that 130 new Nuclear Power Plants will be built globally by 2030²⁶.
Nuclear Lifetime Carbon Emissions : 16 to 55 g/Kwh²⁷

²² International Energy Outlook. 2008. Energy Information Administration.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/highlights.html

²³ Press Release. 2008. Nuclear Power Outlook.
http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/PressReleases/2008/prn200811.html

²⁴ World Energy Outlook. 2006. International Energy Agency.
²⁵ World Energy Outlook. 2006. International Energy Agency.
²⁶ Nuclear Profile. 2008. Allianz Knowledge.
http://knowledge.allianz.com/en/globalissues/energy_co2/energy_profiles/energy_profile_nuclear.html

²⁷ Carbon Calculus. 2008. Mother Jones.
www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2008/05/nuke-vs-solar-thecarbon-calculus.html

Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC), projects the global wind energy market will reach 240,000 megawatts (MW) by 2012, a total
growth rate of 155%²⁸.
Wind power is projected to expand to $83.4 Billion by 2017²⁹.
2.1 million people will find employment in Wind Energy Sector by 2030³⁰.
Wind Lifetime Carbon Emissions : 14 g/Kwh³¹

²⁸ Global Wind Report. 2007. Global Wind Energy Council.
http://www.gwec.net/index.php?id=90

²⁹ Trends 2008. 2008. Clean Edge.
http://www.cleanedge.com/reports/reports-trends2008.php

³⁰ Green Jobs. 2008. ILO.
http://www.ilo.org/global/About_the_ILO/Media_and_public_information/Press_releases/lang--en/WCMS_098481/index.htm

³¹ Carbon Calculus. 2008. Mother Jones.
http://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2008/05/nuke-vs-solar-thecarbon-calculus.html

Solar Photovoltaic's will grow from a $20.3 Billion industry in 2007 to $74 Billion by 2017³² with an estimated generation of 22,760 MW.
Photovoltaic Power to Provide 14 Percent of Global Electricity and nearly 10 Million Jobs by 2030³³.
Solar Energy Future Global Scenario - 2030³⁴
- Accumulated Capacity - 912 -1864 GW
- Electricity Production - 1291 - 2646 TWh
- Market Value - 204 - 454 Euros
6.3 million people will find employment in Solar Energy sector by 2030³⁵.
Solar Lifetime Carbon Emissions : 17 to 39 g/kwh³⁶

³² Trends 2008. 2008. Clean Edge.
http://www.cleanedge.com/reports/reports-trends2008.php

³³ Solar Generation V. 2008 European Photovaltaic Industry Association.
³⁴ Solar Generation V. 2008 European Photovaltaic Industry Association.
³⁵ Green Jobs. 2008. ILO.
http://www.ilo.org/global/About_the_ILO/Media_and_public_information/Press_releases/lang--en/WCMS_098481/index.htm

³⁶ Carbon Calculus. 2008. Mother Jones.
http://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2008/05/nuke-vs-solar-thecarbon-calculus.html

Hydro Power is expected to grow at just under 2% annually till 2030³⁷.
Hydroelectricity and other renewable energy consumption will grow to 59 quadrillion Btu by 2030³⁸.
Hydro Lifetime Carbon Emissions : 18 g/Kwh³⁹

³⁷ Tomorrow's Energy. 2006. Exxon Mobil.

³⁸ International Energy Outlook. 2008. Energy Information Administration.

³⁹ Carbon Calculus. 2008. Mother Jones.
http://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2008/05/nuke-vs-solar-thecarbon-calculus.html

Number countries producing Geo-thermal energy could increase to 46 in 2010⁴⁰.
Total Geo-thermal capacity could increase to 13,500 MW or more by 2010⁴¹.
Geo-Thermal Lifetime Carbon Emissions : 15 g/Kwh⁴²

⁴⁰ GEA World Update. 2007. Geo-thermal Energy Association.
http://www.geoenergy.org/publications/reports/GEA%20World%20Update%202007.pdf

⁴¹ GEA World Update. 2007. Geo-thermal Energy Association.
www.geoenergy.org/publications/reports/GEA%20World%20Update%202007.pdf

⁴² Carbon Calculus. 2008. Mother Jones.
http://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2008/05/nuke-vs-solar-thecarbon-calculus.html

Bio-fuels (global production and wholesale pricing of Ethanol and Bio-diesel) are projected to grow to $81.1 Billion by 2017 with an estimated
production of 45.9 Billion Gallons⁴³.
Bio-fuels will grow from 1.35 mbpd in 2008 to 1.95 mbpd by 2013⁴⁴.
Bio-fuels including Ethanol and Bio-diesel will grow to about 3 MBD in 2030⁴⁵.
Bio-fuels could account for 4%-7% of road fuel consumption by 2030⁴⁶.
2.7 Billion People i.e. one thirds of the world's population will still be using Biomass for daily energy needs by 2030⁴⁷.
Projected prices of Bio-fuels $ per barrel in 2030⁴⁸.

Ethanol from Sugarcane 25-35

Ethanol from Maize 25-35

Ethanol from Beet 25-35

Ethanol from Wheat 25-35

Ethanol from Lignocellulose 25-35

Bio-diesel from vegetable oils 25-35

Fuels made from Syngas 25-35

⁴³ Trends 2008. 2008. Clean Edge.
http://www.cleanedge.com/reports/reports-trends2008.php

⁴⁴ Press Release. 2008. Medium Term Oil Market Report. International Energy Agency.
http://www.iea.org/Textbase/press/pressdetail.asp?PRESS_REL_ID=267

⁴⁵ Tomorrow's Energy. 2006. Exxon Mobil.
⁴⁶ World Energy Outlook. 2006. International Energy Agency.
⁴⁷ World Energy Outlook. 2006. International Energy Agency.
⁴⁸ Royal Society. 2008. Economist.
http://www.economist.com/surveys/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11565647